Library
Library
- Piperine
Piperine is the substance that gives black pepper its pungent taste. It occurs in black pepper (Piper nigrum) and long pepper (Piper longum) fruits. Black pepper is used as a spice and preservative in food, and as a fragrance raw material in perfumery. The extract has a strong pungent taste.…
Last reviewed: 10 September 2026 - Capsaicinoids
Capsaicinoids are the group of substances that give hot pepper (Capsicum) its pungency. The main members are capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nordihydrocapsaicin. Food manufacturers buy pepper extract for pungency, color, and aroma. Supplement, cosmetic, and feed manufacturers also use it, each…
Last reviewed: 9 September 2026 - Alpha-Phellandrene
Alpha-phellandrene is a main constituent of pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) fruit oil (a terpene, volatile fragrance family). It made up 13% to 34% of the oil in two measurements,. Pink pepper is not true pepper. It is the dried fruit of a tree related to cashew and pistachio,. Its oil…
Last reviewed: 28 September 2026 - Myrcene
Myrcene (beta-myrcene) is a terpene making up 5 to 20% of juniper berry oil. The main component of the oil is alpha-pinene. It dominates hop oil and is one of the strongest aroma compounds of hops. Its scent is described as geranium-like. Food and beverage producers buy it as juniper aroma.…
Last reviewed: 28 September 2026 - Squalene
Squalene is a natural lipid substance found in olive, amaranth, and shark liver oil. It is an intermediate product of cholesterol synthesis in the body. It is also the main component of unsaturated lipids in human skin surface sebum. Its name comes from the shark genus (Squalus). It was first…
Last reviewed: 9 September 2026 - Gingerol
Gingerol is the substance that gives ginger its pungent taste. It is found in the underground stem (rhizome) of ginger. It has several close analogues. The most abundant is 6-gingerol, followed by 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol,. When ginger is dried or heated, part of the gingerol converts into…
Last reviewed: 21 September 2026 - Limonene
Limonene is the main component of citrus peel oils. It is the carrier terpene of orange scent (terpenes are the volatile scent family of plants). About 95% of sweet orange oil is limonene. Food manufacturers buy it as a flavor. Cosmetic and perfume manufacturers buy it as a fragrance. Limonene…
Last reviewed: 25 September 2026 - Punicic acid
Punicic acid is the dominant fatty acid of pomegranate seed oil. It is found in the seed of the pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum). Because its double bonds are consecutive, it is considered "conjugated" and acts differently from fatty acids in standard vegetable oils. It is also known as…
Last reviewed: 22 September 2026 - Vanillin
Vanillin is the compound that gives vanilla its aroma. It is considered the most widely used flavor molecule globally. It occurs in the cured fruit of the vanilla orchid (Vanilla planifolia). Yet less than 1% of the vanillin consumed worldwide comes from vanilla. Vanillin has also been produced…
Last reviewed: 22 September 2026 - Glabridin
Glabridin is one of the main lipid-soluble plant constituents of licorice root. It belongs to the isoflavan chemical family and was identified in 1976. Glycyrrhizin, the water-soluble and sweet constituent of the root, is a different substance. Both come from the same plant, but they do not…
Last reviewed: 24 September 2026 - Carnosic acid
Carnosic acid is the primary oil-soluble phenolic compound of rosemary leaf. Together with carnosol, it accounts for over 90% of the antioxidant activity of rosemary extract,. Food producers buy rosemary extract to delay lipid oxidation in oils, meats, and frying fats,. In the market, it is…
Last reviewed: 24 September 2026 - Linalool
Linalool is a volatile alcohol providing the floral scent of lavender, bergamot, and many other plants. Together with its ester linalyl acetate, it forms the major fraction of lavender essential oil. In bergamot peel oil, the same pair accompanies limonene. Food manufacturers purchase it as a…
Last reviewed: 25 September 2026